{"id":807,"date":"2014-04-29T16:27:55","date_gmt":"2014-04-29T16:27:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.earabiclearning.com\/blog\/?p=807"},"modified":"2024-03-18T11:59:55","modified_gmt":"2024-03-18T11:59:55","slug":"root-and-pattern-system-in-arabic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/earabiclearning.com\/blog\/2014\/04\/root-and-pattern-system-in-arabic\/","title":{"rendered":"An introduction to the root and pattern system in Arabic"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\">Two very important principles. Over time these principles will help you to infer the meaning of many words and even help you to &#8216;produce&#8217; words that you may need.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\">These two principles are the root system and the pattern system. They can be found in all Semitic languages, e.g. in Arabic and Hebrew. In this blog post we will look at the root system<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"color:#70ad47;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:20pt;\">The root system<br \/>\n<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\">Look at these three words<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong>Salaam<\/strong> &#8211; <strong>Islam<\/strong> &#8211; <strong>Muslim<\/strong><br \/>\n\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\">In ALL three words THREE LEITERS appear IN THE SAME ORDER.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><span style=\"color:red;\">S<\/span>a<span style=\"color:red;\">l<\/span>aa<span style=\"color:red;\">m<\/span> \u2014 I<span style=\"color:red;\">sl<\/span>a<span style=\"color:red;\">m<\/span> \u2014 Mu<span style=\"color:red;\">sl<\/span>i<span style=\"color:red;\">m<\/span><br \/>\n\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\">Notice that the first m in the word Muslim is not highlighted.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\">To understand the root system properly, it is important that the letters must always be IN THE SAME ORDER.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong>Salaam<\/strong> &#8211; <strong>Islam<\/strong> &#8211; <strong>Muslim<\/strong><br \/>\n\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\">The only letters that are in the same order in ALL three words are:<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong>S &#8211; L &#8211; M<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\">Such a combination of letters is called a <strong>root<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\">So the root for <strong>Salaam<\/strong> &#8211; <strong>Islam<\/strong> \u2013 <strong>Muslim<\/strong> is <strong>S &#8211; L &#8211; M<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\">This particular root (<strong>S &#8211; L &#8211; M<\/strong>) conveys the idea of &#8216;peace&#8217;.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\">And this is what the three words actually mean:<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong>Salaam<\/strong> is the Arabic word for &#8216;peace&#8217;.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong>Islam<\/strong> is the name of the religion and means &#8216;submission&#8217; (to the will of God\/Allah), and this again means to be in peace with God\/Allah and oneself.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong>Muslim<\/strong> means a person who has submitted their will to God\/Allah and is, therefore, in peace with God\/Allah and themselves.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\">Out of this root other words with similar meaning can &#8216;grow&#8217;<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rebat10.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/042914_1309_anintroduct1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><br \/>\n\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/rebat10.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/042914_1309_anintroduct2.png\" alt=\"\" \/><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><br \/>\n\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\">Now look at the following words and find the root. Remember that you must find THREE LEITERS that appear in all the words IN THE SAME ORDER.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rebat10.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/042914_1309_anintroduct3.png\" alt=\"\" \/><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><br \/>\n\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\">Now look at the English equivalents for these words. But remember that with nouns the context finally decides what is actually meant.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong>Kitaab <\/strong>document, manuscript, book, etc.<strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong>Kaatib <\/strong>writer, author, secretary, etc<strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong>Maktab <\/strong>office, desk, etc.<strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong>Kataba <\/strong>he wrote<strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong>Yaktub <\/strong>he is writing \/ he writes<strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong>Makataba <\/strong>library<strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\">Remember that the root s \u2014 I \u2014 m conveys the idea of &#8216;peace&#8217;.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong>What would you say the root K &#8211; T &#8211; B conveys?<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/rebat10.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/042914_1309_anintroduct4.png\" alt=\"\" \/><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\">Now here is a third group of words try to identify their root.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rebat10.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/042914_1309_anintroduct5.png\" alt=\"\" \/><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><br \/>\n\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\">This root <strong>J &#8211; M &#8211; L<\/strong> conveys the idea of beauty.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\">Here are the English equivalents for these words.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong>Jameel <\/strong>beautiful (masc.)<strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong>Jameela <\/strong>the name for a woman (&#8216;the beautiful one&#8221;<strong>)<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong>Ajmal <\/strong>more beautiful<strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong>Jamaal <\/strong>beauty<strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong>Tajmeel <\/strong>makeup, beautification<strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong>Mujaamala <\/strong>compliment<strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\">And finally<strong> Jamal <\/strong>camel<strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\">You might not believe it, but it is true: The camel is considered such a beautiful animal in Arab culture that its name consists of the root j-m-l, too.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/rebat10.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/042914_1309_anintroduct6.png\" alt=\"\" \/><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><br \/>\n\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\">Now try to identify the root of these five words.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rebat10.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/042914_1309_anintroduct7.png\" alt=\"\" \/><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><br \/>\n\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\">Here are the English equivalents of the words with the root <strong>KH &#8211; R &#8211; J<\/strong>.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong>Kharaja <\/strong>he went out (of the house) <strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/strong><br \/>\n\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong>Khaarij <\/strong>outside<strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong>Makhraj <\/strong>exit<strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong>Istikhraaj <\/strong>extraction (e.g. of oil, coal) <strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/strong><br \/>\n\t\t<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:14pt;\"><strong>Khaarijiyya <\/strong>external affairs (POI.)<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" align=\"left\" src=\"https:\/\/rebat10.files.wordpress.com\/2014\/04\/042914_1309_anintroduct8.png\" alt=\"\" \/><strong><br \/>\n\t\t\t<span style=\"font-size:10pt;\"><br \/>\n\t\t\t<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Two very important principles. Over time these principles will help you to infer the meaning of many words and even help you to &#8216;produce&#8217; words that you may need. These two principles are the root system and the pattern system. They can be found in all Semitic languages, e.g. in Arabic and Hebrew. In this [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-807","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arabic-for-journalism"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - 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