Eilm Qira`at of the holey Quran

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Elm Qiraat (علم القراءات), which translates to “science of readings” is a specialized field of Islamic knowledge concerned with the various authorized ways of reciting the Quran. These variations primarily focus on pronunciation and recitation techniques, not the core meaning of the text.

The Quran itself was revealed in a single dialect of Arabic, but the transmission of the Quran relied heavily on oral tradition. Since Arabic pronunciation can be subtle, different reciters developed slightly different ways of reciting the Quran.

Over time, these variations were compiled by scholars into different schools of recitation, each with its own chain of transmission back to the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). The most widely accepted schools of recitation number ten, known as the “Qiraat al-Ashara” (القراءات العشر).

Here are some of the reasons why studying Elm Qiraat is important:

  • Preserves Quranic Accuracy: By understanding the different recitation traditions, Muslims can ensure they are reciting the Quran accurately.
  • Enhances Beauty of Recitation: The different recitation styles add richness and beauty to the recitation of the Quran.
  • Builds Confidence in Recitation: Knowing the different recitation styles can boost confidence and fluency when reciting the Quran.

If you’re interested in learning more about Elm Qiraat, here are some resources:

  • Local Quran Teacher: Many mosques and Islamic centers have qualified Quran teachers who can provide instruction in Elm Qiraat.
  • Online Resources: There are a number of websites and online courses that offer instruction in Elm Qiraat.
  • Books: There are many books available on Elm Qiraat, both in Arabic and English.

which Qira`at is the most famous ?

 

Among the ten approved recitations (Qiraat al-Ashara) of the Quran, the most widely used and famous is Hafs from Asim (حفص عن عاصم).

Here’s why Hafs from Asim holds such prominence:

  • Widespread Adoption: The Quran printed and used in the vast majority of the Muslim world today is based on the narration of Hafs from his teacher Asim. This edition was standardized in Egypt in 1924 and gained widespread acceptance.
  • Ease of Recitation: The Hafs narration is known for its relative simplicity and ease of pronunciation, making it accessible to a broader range of learners.
  • Chain of Transmission: The chain of transmission for Hafs from Asim is well-documented and considered highly reliable.

It’s important to note that all ten approved recitations are valid and respected ways of reciting the Quran. However, due to the factors mentioned above, Hafs from Asim has become the dominant recitation style used in most parts of the world.

Which one of Qira`at is used to read in Haram (Makkah) ?

 

There isn’t one specific Qira’at mandated for recitation in the Haram Makkah (Grand Mosque of Mecca). Imams leading prayers at the Haram are qualified reciters who have mastered multiple Qira’at traditions.

Here’s why there’s no single requirement:

  • Richness of Tradition: The Islamic scholarship embraces the different recitation styles as part of the rich tapestry of Quranic transmission.
  • Imam’s Expertise: Imams are well-versed in the various Qira’at and choose the recitation that best suits their voice, the occasion, and the specific audience.
  • Focus on Meaning: While the Qira’at offer variations in pronunciation and recitation, the core message of the Quran remains the same.

While there’s no single mandated recitation, Hafs from Asim – the most widely used Qira’at – is likely to be heard frequently at the Haram due to its prevalence in the Muslim world. However, you might also hear recitations from other respected schools of recitation like Qiraat of Ibn Kathir or Warsh from Nafi’.

How to master reading Quran in Hafs ?

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Mastering reading the Quran in Hafs from Asim requires dedication, practice, and proper guidance. Here’s a roadmap to help you achieve your goal:

1. Find a Qualified Teacher:

The most effective way to master Hafs is to learn from a qualified Quran teacher (Qari) who can provide personalized feedback and correct any pronunciation errors. Look for a Qari with:

  • Ijazah Certification: An Ijazah signifies the teacher’s authorization to transmit a specific Qira’at tradition, like Hafs from Asim.
  • Experience & Teaching Skills: Seek a teacher with experience in teaching Hafs, particularly someone adept at explaining the nuances of Tajweed rules.

2. Master the Fundamentals of Tajweed:

Tajweed refers to the set of rules governing the correct pronunciation and recitation of the Quran. Mastering Tajweed is crucial for accurate and beautiful recitation in Hafs. Here’s how:

  • Start with the Basics: Begin by learning the foundational Tajweed rules like Makharij al-Huruf (points of articulation), Madd (elongation), Ghunnah (nasalization), and Qalqalah (strong pronunciation).
  • Utilize Resources: There are many resources available to help you learn Tajweed, including textbooks, online courses, and apps.

3. Focus on Hafs-Specific Rules:

While Hafs shares many core Tajweed rules with other Qira’at, there are specific Hafs-related aspects to learn. These might include:

  • Hafs’s Madd Rules: There might be slight variations in how long to extend certain vowel sounds compared to other recitations.
  • Hafs’s Stopping Rules: Some letters in Hafs might have slightly different stopping points compared to other recitations.

Your teacher will guide you through these specificities.

4. Practice Regularly:

Consistent practice is vital for mastering Hafs. Here are some tips:

  • Set a Schedule: Dedicate a specific time each day for practicing Quran recitation with a focus on Hafs.
  • Start with Short Surahs: Begin with shorter chapters of the Quran and gradually progress to longer ones as you gain confidence.
  • Record Yourself: Record your recitation and listen back to identify areas for improvement.
  • Use Tajweed Charts: Refer to Tajweed charts that highlight specific rules applicable in Hafs recitation.

5. Additional Resources:

Here are some resources that might be helpful in your journey:

Remember, mastering Hafs takes time and dedication. Be patient with yourself, celebrate your progress, and enjoy the beautiful journey of learning the Quran.